Human-Centered Design in the Age of AI

In the current age of rapid technological advancement and Artificial Intelligence (AI) proliferation, architecture and design have entered a new era of human-centered innovation. The growing role of AI in design issues and its potential to enhance human-centric design become more visible than ever. This theme investigates how AI Technologies influence design practices, strongly emphasizing designs prioritizing human needs, comfort, and well-being. It encourages research, articles, in-depth exploration, and insights that explore the intersection of AI and design, focusing on the human-centered design approach.

This era signifies a dynamic convergence of human ingenuity and technological prowess, ushering in a new chapter in the realm of design. Parallel with this idea, the current theme is dedicated to exploring the multifaceted impact of AI on design, where the welfare and experiences of individuals take center stage. In essence, “Human-Centered Design in the Age of AI” represents a journey into the future of design and architecture, a journey where the creative potential of AI converges with the act of design. This theme is a testament to the evolving interplay between human aspiration and technological innovation, demonstrating the capacity of AI to craft architectural environments that are fundamentally rooted in the diverse needs of humanity.

In this context, the tenth issue of JCoDe includes discussions concerning Human-Centered Design Principles, AI-Enhanced User Experience (ArchUX), Inclusive Design and Accessibility, Smart Homes and Internet of Things (IoT) Integration, AI-Infused Creativity, AI in Architecture and Design Pedagogies, Human-Centered AI Ethics, Case Studies and Best Practices.

 

October 20, 2023: Launch of the call for papers

January 8, 2024 : Deadline for fullpapers (DergiPark)

February 12, 2024: Notification of accept/reject/revisions to authors

March 4, 2024: Revision submission (DergiPark)

March 25, 2024: Publication of the issue

 

https://jcode.itu.edu.tr/

https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jcode

 

ISSN 2687-4318

 

Tüm Dergi Açılır Sayfa

Formatında

 

 

Kapak

1. Cover Page

Page I

Editorial

2. Computational Model in Design

Gülen Çağdaş, Ethem Gürer, Sema Alaçam

Page V

Articles

3. The Evolution Narrative of Architectural Form and The State of Vital Form

Betül Uçkan, Pelin Dursun, Ahsen Özsoy

Page 193-226

Uçkan, B., Dursun, P., & Özsoy, A. (2023). The Evolution Narrative of Architectural Form and The State of Vital Form. Journal of Computational Design (JCoDe), 4(2), 193-226.

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1325535

ÖZET

The concept of form in architectural design has been debated since prehistoric times. In its most straightforward meaning, form can be defined as the shape, shell, and inhabited volume of a structure. This study aims to explore the historical process of the transformation and evolution of form, as well as to discover new meanings and potentials of form through analysis, and to develop a critical perspective on form. The study is structured around three main axes. In the first stage, a mapping is designed to analyze the evolution of form throughout history. This mapping focuses on the changes in the approach to form, design, and making techniques chronologically. This stage reveals that form is no longer merely a final product represented by drawings or statically produced, but rather a concept that involves process and dynamism in a temporal-spatial dimension, whether in its design or production. In the second stage, the evolution of form is discussed through a new concept called ‘vital form’. While form represents something static or stationary, vital form signifies a dynamic and fluid state. While form is symbolically designed or produced by the designer from top to bottom, vital form represents a bottom-up, autonomous state formed by the influence of actors involved in design or production. Subsequently, the relationships, transitions, interactions, and changes between form and vital form, as well as their interpretations, are discussed within the proposed model in the study, based on conceptual sets derived from theoretical debates and the implications in design and making processes. It is believed that such exploration and awareness of form in architecture will bring new dimensions to the contemporary understanding, design, and making practices of form.

 

Keywords: Architectural form, Form design, Form making, Form production, Vital form, Form

4. A Correlation Study of Creativity in Speculative Architectural Drawings

Büşra Şık, Merve Şule Yörük, Serdar Aydın

Page 227 – 244

 Şık, B., Yörük, M. Ş., & Aydın, S. (2023). A Correlation Study of Creativity in Speculative Architectural Drawings. Journal of Computational Design (JCoDe), 4(2), 227-244.

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1143952

ÖZET

This study explores apriori computational benchmarks embed in architectural design processes that hybridise representations made of 2D and 3D drawings. The paper presents creative design experiments from an unconventional architectural design studio at graduate level that takes advantage of digital design methods taught in the course. In orthodox architectural studios where drawings are seen as means of blueprints, the processes of design ideation, abstraction and speculation remain in a nominal position. The research approach of this study lies in a 3‐dimensional design thinking process that extends beyond the formal fixations of drawings onto the statements and reductions of unequivocal representational norms. The present work is conducted as part of the Digital Spontaneity which is one of the third‐ and fourth‐years’ architectural design studios given at Mardin Artuklu University, Department of Architecture. The paper introduces the pedagogical aspects of the Digital Spontaneity studio by informing about the design process that offers a methodological foundation. The methodology is illustrated through stages with 2D, 2.5D and 3D representations, including scalar, geometric, material transfigurations. The studio outcome is evaluated through correlation diagram that relate the drawings in different stages to each other. The findings suggest that the correlative interpretation of computational processes during the design ideation process may include intuitive, reflective and retrospective synthesis. The research contributes to the novel understanding of the role of digital design tools and methods in the generation and emergence of design ideation as meaningful, conceptual, speculative representations directly related to buildable forms and spaces of architecture.

Keywords: Digital design, Correlation, Intuitive Design, Speculative
Architectural Drawing.

5. Mock-up versus CAD Modeling Preferences of Architecture Students in the Early Design Phase

Buket Samancı, Özge Taşpınar, Yaşar Emir Karcı, Başak Cengiz, Selen Ozdogan, Dilek Yıldız, Michael Stefan Bittermann

Page 245-272

Samancı, B., Taşpınar, Ö., Karcı, Y. E., Cengiz, B., Ozdogan, S., Yıldız, D., & Bittermann, M. S. (2023). Mock-up versus CAD Modeling Preferences of Architecture Students in the Early Design Phase. Journal of Computational Design (JCoDe), 4(2), 245-272.

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1307294

ÖZET

Preferences for using physical mock-up modeling or computer-aided design (CAD) among architecture students in the early design phase are analyzed. The data is obtained from a questionnaire, consisting of eight multiple-choice questions and one open-ended question. The respondents are architecture students; the majority of them are still in their undergraduate studies. As quantitative analysis methods hypothesis tests based on the probability distributions known as the z-distribution, and the Chi-squared distribution were carried out. Generally, it was investigated which modeling technique is more efficient in the early design phase. Moreover, according to the age groups of respondents, the difference in the preference among mock-up and CAD is identified. Explicitly, younger students prefer CAD, while other ones prefer mock-up representation. The reasons for the difference are analyzed. Since the choice for mock-up modeling or CAD modeling can have a strong impact on the design processes of both, students and professionals, the result of the study is relevant, because it gives a hint about probable future architecture practice.

Keywords: Mock up Modeling, Computer-Aided-Design Modeling, Architectural Design Studios, Early Design Phase.

6. A model for generating visuals related to architectural facades through genetic algorithm

 

Faruk Can Ünal

Page 273-294

Ünal, F. C. (2023). A model for generating visuals related to architectural facades through genetic algorithm. Journal of Computational Design (JCoDe), 4(2), 273-294.

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1340880

ÖZET

In this study, a genetic algorithm based model related to architectural facades was developed for generating visuals to be used in spatial augmented reality presentations. First of all, the visuals of the projection mapping referring to the architectural facade were reviewed within the scope of the study. It was seen that architectural facades could be defined by using mass/void relationship, building elements, and 3D effect. Based on this inference, the facade of the Hamburger Kunsthalle, which was also used in one of the pioneering examples of projection mapping regarding the architectural language of the facade, was used to redefine the architectural facade in the study. A genetic algorithm based framework was developed to generate visuals from the model. It was presented as a model from the perspective of mass/void relationship, building elements, and 3D effect on the redefined facade of the Hamburger Kunsthalle. The model allows different visual possibilities to be derived from identified initial visual elements. The generation of the gene population are based on the identified initial visual elements. It is provided to determine and limit the generation of visuals by the specifically defined fitness functions for the selected architectural facade. Depending on the evaluation ranking of the generated visuals, while appropriate visuals are selected, others that are not appropriate are genetically processed to enrich the gene pool. The evaluation ranking at this stage has an impact on the visuals to be produced in the cyclical process. Therefore, the model user has a decisive role in the visuals to be produced and the user must be an expert in the selection of visuals appropriate for the architectural language of the facade. At the intersection of genetic algorithms and spatial augmented reality, this model offers the possibility of generating and presenting virtual variations that include the language of architectural facades.

Keywords: Genetic algorithm, Architectural facade, Visual production,
Projection mapping, Spatial Augmented reality.

7.  An Exploration of Public Open Spaces with Data Driven Approaches: A Case Study of Beyazıt Square

Gülce Kırdar

Page 295-321

Kırdar, G. (2023). An Exploration of Public Open Spaces with Data Driven Approaches: A Case Study of Beyazıt Square. Journal of Computational Design (JCoDe), 4(2), 295-321.

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1325188

ÖZET

Data-driven approaches are widely used to gain insight in urban dynamics and support urban decisions with pervasive adoption of information technologies. In the presented study, the students adopt data data-driven approaches to observe, and analyze public spaces, and make conceptual decisions for urban furniture in the context of the workshop. This workshop is developed within the scope of the Environmental Computing course. It is conducted with 27 students in Beyazıt Square as a case study area. In the scope of the study, open public spaces were observed and analyzed using data-driven approaches. Based on the analysis results, the students were expected to develop urban furniture design that would enhance user experience and activities in the area. This study questions how data-driven approaches aid in exploring public spaces and support design decisions. The objective of the study was to explore user-generated urban dynamics using multiple data and make decisions for urban furniture that augments urban dynamics. The conceptual design process of urban furniture is shaped as results of data-driven approach. The students were introduced to the Public Life Tools developed by the Gehl Institute for site observation. They were divided into particular groups and used relevant digital tracking applications to measure user activities, user profiles, and live traffic in the area. They evaluated the quality of place based on predetermined criteria by Gehl Institute. The phases of the study involve (1) the exploration of digital observation methods, (2) mapping observational, data, urban data, and locative media data in Geographic Information System (GIS), and (3) defining the relationships between the parameters affecting urban dynamics. (4) This was followed by making conceptual design decisions and (5) developing the design of urban furniture considering data analysis results. According to the findings, the use of data-driven observation and analysis methods has been effective in developing user scenarios, determining user profiles, identifying needs, and taking functional decisions in urban furniture design. Based on the students’ evaluation, the data-driven decision-making process was effective in identifying needs, problems, and potentials in the area. As the limitations of the study, the students stated that the use of digital observation methods and the learning process of GIS software were challenging. This study contributes to the field of urban computing through its conducted fieldwork.

Keywords: Public open spaces (POS), Digital observation methods, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Data-driven approaches, Urban dynamics.

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